The ICT database of the Groningen Growth and Development Centre
In addition to our regular database, we developed a specific database on output and employment in ICT-producing and ICT-using industries.The database includes GDP in current and constant prices and persons employed in ICT-producing industries (in manufacturing and services) and typical ICT-using industries (in manufacturing and in services) from 1990 to 1998-1999. These data underly the article by Bart van Ark "De vernieuwing van de oude economie: Nederland in een international vergelijkend perspectief" in L. Soete, ed., ICT en de nieuwe economie, Pre-adviezen van de Koninklijke Vereniging voor de Staatshuishoudkunde 2000. Part of this work has been funded by the OECD, Science, Technology and Industry Department, which has also widely published on ICT and related technologies and their impact on economic growth. The classification of ICT-producting and ICT-using industries is as follows. ISIC Rev. 3 ICT-producing industries:
ISIC Rev. 3 ICT-using industries:
Canada (placed: 12 February 2001) Denmark (placed: 5 December 2000) Finland (placed: 12 February 2001) France (placed: 5 December 2000) Germany (placed: 5 December 2000) Japan (placed: 12 February 2001) Italy (placed: 5 December 2000) Netherlands (placed: 5 December 2000) United Kingdom (revised: 12 February 2001) United States (revised: 3 January 2001) The database for this paper is primarily based on the renewed “STAN industrial database” of the OECD (see the STAN website for further details). In most cases the data in STAN are based of the new system of national accounts introduced during the 1990s, i.e. the System of National Accounts 1993 or the European System of Accounts 1995. For the Netherlands, for which no STAN data were available as yet, use is made of the Nationale Rekeningen 1997 (1990-1995) to which the trends from the Nationale Rekeningen 1998 (1995-1998) were linked (hence the levels of GDP in the Netherlands were still based on the old system of national accounts). The figures on value added in current prices are expressed in basis prices, and the series on real value added are linked to the price level of 1995. Employment includes self employed persons, except for the UK where it related to employees only. An adjustment for working hours per person appeared not possible at this stage. IndustryIn some cases, in particular for the classifying of ICT producing industries, the STAN data were too aggregated. For example, to splitt off insulated wire and cable and medical appliances and instruments shares on production, value added and employment were obtained from OECD Industrial Structure Statistics (1999 edition). This source was also used to distinguish between paper, etc. (not part of the ICT using sector) and printing and publishing (which is part of the ICT using sector). Constant price estimates for insulated wire and cable and medical appliances were obtained by using current price shares, assuming the same deflator as for the aggregate. For Canada medical appliances and instruments are not included separately.Wholesale and retail tradeThe estimates for wholesale trade (part of the ICT using sector) and retail trade (not part of the ICT using sector) are split off with the help of OECD Statistics on Services (2000 edition). These two sources, together with Eurostat, Services in Europe (1999), was also used to distinguish between business services that were or were not part of the ICT-using sector. In the case of Japan we estimated the share of employment in wholesale trade in total trade on the basis of assuming that the productivity level in wholesale trade was 25% higher than in total trade.Business servicesIn a number of cases business services could not be correctly split into ICT-using and non-using industries because of lack of data. For Canada and Japan even a figure for total business services (including renting of machinery and equipment, computer services, research and development and other business services) was lacking, which we obtained on the basis of merging the Labour Force Survey and National Accounts employment estimates. For Japan and the United States detailed information total business services were further subdivided by using a constant share of 0.1 for production and value added and 0.05 for employment for renting of machinery and equipment, 0.2 for production and value added and 0.15 for employment for computer services, 0.2 for production, value added and employment for research and development, and 0.6 for production, value added and employment for “other business services”. For Korea I used a constant share of 0.25 for production, value added and employment for computer services, 0.25 for production, value added and employment for research and development, and 0.5 for production, value added and employment for “other business services”. In the case of Denmark, Germany, Korea and Japan a 50% split of ICT-using and ICT non-using “other business services” was used. For Canada and the United States a 75% split was used, based on the actual ratio of two other countries which were relatively advanced in ICT applications, namely Finland and the Netherlands. |
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